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There's increasing evidence that a multimodality approach targeting different factors of the immune-system might provide the maximum clinical benefit. This review focuses on the utilization of therapeutic cancer vaccines with mainstream therapies such as light, chemotherapy, and small molecule inhibitors. Different immunomodulatory effects of conventional treatments may be used to boost Crizotinib the anti-tumor activity induced by vaccines. For radiation therapy, these generally include a) upregulation of tumor antigens, costimulatory molecules, Fas, and major histocompatibility complex moieties, which makes tumors more vunerable to immune mediated attack; b) upregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, which enhances T cell trafficking to the tumor site and prolongs T cell/tumor contact; and c) downregulation of regulatory T cells, which facilitates era of antigen specific T cells. Chemotherapys immunomodulatory results include a) induction of immunogenic tumorcell death, resulting in activation of dendritic cells and facilitating cross priming and tumor specific T cell generation; b) upregulation of tumor antigens, adhesion substances, antigen processing machinery and MHC, which increases T cell recognition Metastasis and triggers T cell killing; and c) induction of leukopenia accompanied by differential homeostatic peripheral expansion that prefers tumor specific T cells. Finally, select, specific SMIs could a) boost the number and function of tumor antigen specific T cells and decrease the number and function of myeloid derived suppressor cells and Tregs; b) block the tumor cell cycle and stimulate apoptosis; and d) restrict neoangiogenesis, regulate hypoxia, and change tumor vasculature. Given the potential immunomodulatory effects of these established cancer therapies, combining them with cancer vaccines offers an opportunity to boost patient survival and standard of living. COMBINING RADIATION THERAPY AND IMMUNOTHERAPY Radiation is the standard treatment for many cancer types, traditionally Imatinib employed to locally expel tumor cells or change tumor and/or tumor stroma architecture with either curative or palliative intent. Even though local control of the primary tumefaction is necessary and can usually stop metastasis, radiation generally does not control pre existing systemic illness, which might be present as undetectable micrometastases. Although radiation has generally been considered immunosuppressive, several recent studies have shown that radiation actually has the potential to become immunomodulatory. Radiation induced cell death is an immunologically active approach wherein dying tumor cells release tumor associated antigens that can potentially be used to encourage robust tumor specific immune responses. Distinctive changes are also developed by cells undergoing radiation induced cell death on their plasma membranes. These changes act as danger signals to promote phagocytosis by antigenpresenting cells such as macrophages and DCs.